17th Century Political Thought


I.  Introduction
II.  Bossuet (The Principles of Politics Derived from the Scripture)
    A.  Background
    B.  Argument for monarchy
        1.  Scripture teaches that monarchy is best form of govt.
        2.  Nature teaches that monarchy is the best form of govt.
        3.  Monarchy is the most advantageous form of govt.
        4.  Recent French history shows monarchy is best
        5.  Reasons govt. should even be able to dictate religion
    C.  Main weakness of Bossuet's argument
III.  Hobbes (Leviathan)
    A.  Background
    B.  Argument for strong govt.
        1.  Life in the state of nature: solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short
        2.  Formation of govt.  (all rights given to Leviathan, so our lives won't be solitary, poor, etc.)
        3.  Reasons govt., once formed,  can't be changed.
        4.  Reasons monarchy is best: the one form of govt. that uses selfishness to advantage!
        5.  Why king should even be able to choose his people's religion
        6.  Recent British history as evidence Hobbes was right
IV.  Locke (Second Treatise of Government)
    A.  Background
    B.  Argument for limitations of govt.
        1.  The state of nature
        2.  Natural rights (life, liberty, equality, property, contracts, reparation and restraint)
        3.  Reasons we form govt.
        4.  Formation of govt.
            a.  Reparation and restraint delegated to govt.
            b.  In return, govt. protects our other natural rights
         5.  Reasons for changing govt.
            a.  When govt. doesn't protect or violates natural rights
            b.  When executive usurps legislative power
        6.  Why govt. should not dictate religion (Locke's argument for toleration)
    C.  The strength of Locke's argument: Jefferson and the Declaration of Independence