ANCIENT ROME

I. Introduction: the success of Rome, major periods

A. Monarchy (753-509)

B. Republic (509-31 B.C.)

C. Empire (31 B.C.--476 A.D.? 1453 A.D.? 1992 A.D.?????)

II. The key to early success: VIRTUS

A. Virtus defined

B. Pietas (pax deorum)

C. Gravitas

D. Respect for authority (symbolized by fasces)

E. Ability to solve problems peacefully

1. STRUGGLE OF ORDERS

a. division between patrician and plebian

b. use of secessio

c. tribunes

d. Twelve Tables

e. intermarriage

f. consulate

g. lex hortensia

III. Roman expansion

A. Immediate neighbors

B. Italy

C. Beyond Italy

d. PUNIC WARS (264-241, 218-202, 149-146)

IV. Impact of constant warfare: destruction of plebians

A. New classes:

Senate, Equestrians, Proletarians, Allies, subject peoples, slaves

V. The Roman Revolution

A. TIBERIUS GRACCHUS

B. GAIUS GRACCHUS

C. Potential problems:

Africa, Cimbri and Teutones, slave revolt, civil war with allies, pirates, Mithridates

D. MARIUS

E. SULLA

F. Failure of Sulla's "reforms"

1. Catiline vs. Cicero

2. Crassus, Caesar, Pompey

G. GAIUS JULIUS CAESAR

1. Qualifications

2. Reforms

3. Assassination

VI. The Julio Claudian Emperors

A. AUGUSTUS

B. TIBERIUS

C. GAIUS (CALIGULA)

D. CLAUDIUS

E. NERO